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Pancreatic Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Assessed by 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Case–Control Study

Publish Date: August 17, 2026
Yahya Erdem İnce ORCID Orhan Sezgin ORCID Serkan Yaraş ORCID Osman Özdoğan ORCID Ramazan Gen ORCID
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Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology

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Published Online: August 17, 2026

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Yahya Erdem İnce ORCID
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Türkiye
Orhan Sezgin ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Serkan Yaraş ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Osman Özdoğan ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Ramazan Gen ORCID
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
İnce, Y. E., Sezgin, O., Yaraş, S., Özdoğan, O., & Gen, R. (2026). Pancreatic Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Assessed by 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Case–Control Study. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2026.25617
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Abstract

Background/Aims: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is a noninvasive method for assessing tissue stiffness. This study evaluated pancreatic stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and examined its association with metabolic factors and microvascular complications.

Materials and Methods: This prospective case–control study included 45 patients with T2DM and 45 healthy controls. Pancreatic stiffness was measured using 2-dimensional SWE (2D-SWE). Clinical, anthropometric, and laboratory data were collected, and diabetic microvascular complications were assessed.

Results: A total of 90 participants were included, comprising 45 patients with T2DM and 45 healthy controls. Pancreatic stiffness was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in controls across all pancreatic regions (P < .001). However, pancreatic stiffness did not differ significantly between patients with T2DM with and without microvascular complications (P > .05). Pancreatic steatosis (PS) was more prevalent in patients with T2DM than in healthy controls (P = .001). Among patients with T2DM, pancreatic stiffness was significantly higher in those with steatosis than in those without (P = .035), and stiffness increased with the severity of steatosis (P = .021). Body mass index and waist circumference (WC) were independently associated with increased pancreatic stiffness, with WC accounting for a significant proportion of the variance (P < .001).

Conclusion: Pancreatic stiffness was significantly higher in patients with T2DM than in healthy controls and was primarily associated with metabolic factors, particularly obesity and PS, rather than microvascular complications. These findings suggest that increased pancreatic stiffness may reflect metabolic associated pancreatic alterations.

Cite this article as: İnce YE, Sezgin O, Yaraş S, Özdoğan O, Gen. Pancreatic stiffness in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus assessed by 2-dimensional shear wave elastography: A pilot case–control study. Turk J Gastroenterol. Published online August 17, 2026. doi: 10.5152/tjg.2026.25617

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Article Info
Published In
Journal Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
DOI 10.5152/tjg.2026.25617
History
Published Online August 17, 2026
License
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Affiliations
Yahya Erdem İnce ORCID
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Türkiye
Orhan Sezgin ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Serkan Yaraş ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Osman Özdoğan ORCID
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Ramazan Gen ORCID
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Türkiye
Cite this Article
İnce, Y. E., Sezgin, O., Yaraş, S., Özdoğan, O., & Gen, R. (2026). Pancreatic Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Assessed by 2-Dimensional Shear Wave Elastography: A Pilot Case–Control Study. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2026.25617
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