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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management

Volume 25 · Issue 2 Publish Date: April 15, 2014
Metin Başaranoğlu Necati Örmeci
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Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology

Volume 25 · Issue 2

Pages: 127-132

History

Published Online: April 15, 2014

Copyright © 2014 Metin Başaranoğlu, Necati Örmeci

Metin Başaranoğlu
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
Necati Örmeci
Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Başaranoğlu, M., & Örmeci, N. (2014). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(2), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2014.7675
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Abstract

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an umbrella term that covers both a relatively benign condition, which is simple steatosis, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH is characterized by a chronic and progressive liver pathology that may progress to cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. Despite the growing body of evidence, one of the important and unresolved problems is the pathogenesis of NASH. It might be a metabolic disturbance as a primary abnormality in NAFLD. Insulin resistance is at the center of these metabolic abnormalities. Then, hepatocyte injury might be induced by oxidative stress. This ongoing process progresses to NASH, even to cirrhosis in some patients. In addition to oxidative stress, possibilities for the next hit are lipid peroxidation, reactive metabolites, adipose tissue products, transforming growth factor-β1, Fas ligand, mitochondrial dysfunction, respiratory chain deficiency, and intestinal microbiota. Currently, there is no well-established and approved therapy. Recommendations are to improve existing co-morbidities, such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, or type 2 diabetes, and lifestyle modification with weight loss and exercise.

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Article Info
Published In
Journal Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology
Volume / Issue Volume 25 · Issue 2
Pages 127-132
DOI 10.5152/tjg.2014.7675
History
Published Online April 15, 2014
Copyright
Copyright (c) 2014 Metin Başaranoğlu, Necati Örmeci
Affiliations
Metin Başaranoğlu
Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Bezmialem Vakıf University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
Necati Örmeci
Department of Gastroenterology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
Cite this Article
Başaranoğlu, M., & Örmeci, N. (2014). Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management. Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology, 25(2), 127–132. https://doi.org/10.5152/tjg.2014.7675
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